To find out if an 8-day series of otelixizumab infusions leads to greater improvement in insulin secretion as compared with placebo. Insulin secretion will be assessed using mixed meal-stimulated C-peptide.

Subjects will be assigned to receive either otelixizumab or placebo at a ratio of 2:1 (2/3 otelixizumab, 1/3 placebo). These study agents will be administered as an addition to insulin, diet, and other standard of care treatments.

DEFEND-1 is now closed to enrollment.

DEFEND-2 will begin early in 2010. It is very similar to DEFEND-1 and will again require subjects with new onset type 1 diabetes. Please check back here for more details.

In the meantime, established and new onset type 1 diabetes patients in North America are welcome to consider the TTEDD study:

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00451321?term=TTEDD&rank=1

The following visits are required:

• Screening Visits: 2 to 3 appointments will be conducted to determine eligibility. At 2 of these visits participants will drink a liquid meal and have blood tests done over the post-meal period.
• Dosing Visits: 8 outpatient visits on consecutive days, each lasting about 4-6 hours.
• Follow-up Visits: weekly for the first month, then every 2 weeks for 3 months, followed by monthly visits through 1 year. There will be 3 visits in the second year.
• The total duration of the study is 2 years.
• Glucose test strips, glucose monitors and PDAs to record insulin will be provided to all study subjects for the duration fo the study. Frequent glycemic monitoring will occur through lab testing and blood glucose self-monitoring to help facilitate tight glycemic control in all subjects.

• Biological: otelixizumab
  infusion
  Other Names:

  • TRX4
  • anti-CD3
  • ChAglyCD3
  • monoclonal antibody
• Biological: placebo
  infusion

• 1: Experimental
  otelixizumab
  Intervention: Biological: otelixizumab
• 2: Placebo Comparator
  Intervention: Biological: placebo

• Keymeulen B, Vandemeulebroucke E, Ziegler AG, Mathieu C, Kaufman L, Hale G, Gorus F, Goldman M, Walter M, Candon S, Schandene L, Crenier L, De Block C, Seigneurin JM, De Pauw P, Pierard D, Weets I, Rebello P, Bird P, Berrie E, Frewin M, Waldmann H, Bach JF, Pipeleers D, Chatenoud L. Insulin needs after CD3-antibody therapy in new-onset type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jun 23;352(25):2598-608.
• You S, Candon S, Kuhn C, Bach JF, Chatenoud L. CD3 antibodies as unique tools to restore self-tolerance in established autoimmunity their mode of action and clinical application in type 1 diabetes. Adv Immunol. 2008;100:13-37. Review. No abstract available.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Ages 12-45
• Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, consistent with ADA criteria
• No more than 90 days between diagnosis and administration of study compounds
• Requires insulin for Type I Diabetes Mellitus, or has required insulin at some time between diagnosis and administration of study compounds.
• Stimulated C-peptide level greater than 0.20 nmol/L and less than or equal to 3.50 nmol/L
• Positive for one or more of the autoantibodies typically associated with T1DM: antibody to glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti‑GAD); antibody to protein tyrosine phosphatase-like protein (anti‑IA‑2); zinc transporter autoantibodies (ZNT8); insulin autoantibodies (IAA). A subject who is positive for insulin autoantibodies (IAA) and negative for the other autoantibodies will only be eligible if the subject has used insulin for less than 7 days total.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Other, significant medical conditions based on the study doctor's evaluation